Everything You Need to Know about Hepatitis in Dogs

Hepatitis in dogs is a serious condition that affects the liver, one of the body’s most important organs for digestion, metabolism, and toxin removal. When a dog develops hepatitis, the liver becomes inflamed and its normal functions are disrupted. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms that may progress quickly if left untreated. Because hepatitis in dogs can stem from different causes including infections, toxins, and immune system response, it’s essential for pet owners to be aware of the signs and the importance of professional veterinary care.

If you live in Raleigh, NC, and suspect your dog may be showing signs of liver disease, the team at Companion Animal Hospital of Wakefield can help. Call us at (919) 488-5300 or make an appointment today.

What is Hepatitis in Dogs?

Hepatitis in dogs refers to inflammation of the liver. The liver processes nutrients, produces bile, stores energy, and detoxifies harmful substances. When inflammation occurs, these critical functions are impaired. Hepatitis can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-term inflammation), and it may be mild or severe depending on the underlying cause.

There are two main categories of hepatitis in dogs: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious hepatitis is most often linked to viruses or bacteria, while non-infectious hepatitis may result from toxins, medications, or immune-mediated diseases. Recognizing which form your dog has requires a thorough veterinary exam, including diagnostic testing.

Types of Hepatitis in Dogs

Hepatitis in dogs is not a single condition but rather a group of liver diseases with different causes. Each type affects the liver in its own way and requires professional evaluation to confirm.

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Infectious canine hepatitis is caused by canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1). This virus targets the liver, kidneys, and other organs. It spreads through bodily fluids, especially urine, and can infect unvaccinated dogs of any age. Because it is contagious, vaccination is an essential preventive measure.

Chronic Active Hepatitis

Chronic active hepatitis in dogs occurs when liver inflammation persists over time, leading to scarring and irreversible damage. The exact cause can vary and may include genetics, autoimmune responses, or previous infections. Breeds like Doberman Pinschers, Cocker Spaniels, and Labrador Retrievers may have a higher risk of developing chronic hepatitis.

Toxic or Drug-Induced Hepatitis

Some cases of hepatitis in dogs develop after exposure to toxins or as an adverse reaction to medications. The liver’s role as the body’s filter makes it especially vulnerable to chemical damage. Even everyday substances such as certain human foods, environmental toxins, or medications can stress the liver and trigger inflammation.

Common Symptoms of Hepatitis in Dogs

Because the liver supports so many body systems, hepatitis in dogs can cause a wide variety of symptoms. These signs may appear gradually or suddenly, depending on the severity. Pet owners should watch for:

• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Weight loss or poor body condition
• Increased thirst and urination
• Abdominal swelling or discomfort
• Lethargy or reduced activity
• Jaundice (yellowing of gums, eyes, or skin)
• Neurological changes, such as confusion or seizures, in advanced cases

These symptoms overlap with other conditions, which is why professional diagnosis is vital. If your dog shows any of these signs, contact Companion Animal Hospital of Wakefield at (919) 488-5300 for a thorough exam.

Causes of Hepatitis in Dogs

The causes of hepatitis in dogs vary, and identifying them helps guide veterinary treatment.

Viral Causes

Infectious canine hepatitis from adenovirus type 1 remains a primary viral cause. While vaccination has reduced its prevalence, unvaccinated dogs remain at risk.

Bacterial Causes

Certain bacterial infections can contribute to liver inflammation. Leptospirosis, a bacterial disease transmitted through contaminated water or wildlife urine, can damage the liver as well as the kidneys.

Immune-Mediated Causes

In some cases, the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, causing chronic inflammation. This form of hepatitis in dogs is complex and may involve genetics and environmental triggers.

Toxic Causes

Exposure to toxins including household chemicals, plants, or drugs can overwhelm the liver. Dogs are particularly vulnerable since they may ingest harmful substances during routine activities.

How Veterinarians Diagnose Hepatitis in Dogs

Because hepatitis in dogs can mimic other diseases, veterinarians use several diagnostic tools to confirm the condition.

Physical Exam and History

Your veterinarian will start with a physical exam and a review of your dog’s medical history, symptoms, and possible toxin exposure.

Blood Tests

Bloodwork helps evaluate liver function and detect abnormalities in enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin levels.

Imaging

X-rays and ultrasounds provide images of the liver’s size, shape, and structure. Ultrasound, in particular, can help detect scarring, tumors, or bile duct blockages.

Liver Biopsy

In some cases, a biopsy is recommended to confirm the type and severity of hepatitis. A tissue sample gives veterinarians the most accurate information about liver health.

Prognosis and Long-Term Outlook

The prognosis for dogs with hepatitis depends on the cause, severity, and how quickly care is provided. Acute cases may resolve with prompt treatment, while chronic conditions often require ongoing monitoring and management. Early diagnosis improves outcomes, allowing dogs to live longer and more comfortable lives despite liver disease. Veterinarians may recommend routine checkups, bloodwork, and lifestyle adjustments for dogs diagnosed with chronic hepatitis. With ongoing care, many dogs can maintain a good quality of life.

How to Help Prevent Hepatitis in Dogs

While not all cases are preventable, pet owners can take steps to lower their dog’s risk of hepatitis.

Vaccination

The most effective prevention against infectious canine hepatitis is vaccination. Core vaccines include protection against canine adenovirus, and staying current with booster shots helps maintain immunity.

Safe Environment

Limiting exposure to potential toxins such as household chemicals, human medications, and certain plants reduces the risk of toxic hepatitis.

Regular Veterinary Care

Routine exams allow veterinarians to detect early signs of liver disease. Senior dogs and breeds predisposed to chronic hepatitis especially benefit from regular bloodwork and monitoring.

Protecting Your Dog’s Health in Raleigh, NC

Hepatitis in dogs is a complex condition, but with awareness, prevention, and professional care, many dogs can continue to live fulfilling lives. Early veterinary attention makes all the difference when it comes to diagnosis and treatment. If you are concerned your dog may be showing signs of hepatitis or if it’s time to schedule a wellness exam, Companion Animal Hospital of Wakefield in Raleigh, NC is here for you. Call (919) 488-5300 to give your dog the care they deserve.